Table 3.

Piecewise exponential hazard results for skin tone mortality disparities among 1982 GSS respondents – blacks only.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Intercept	5.317***	6.477***	6.291***	6.716***
Skin Tone (Ref: Color = 1 [Light])
Color 2	−0.385***	−0.354***	−0.339***	−0.360***
Color 3	−0.186***	−0.196***	−0.183**	−0.190***
Female	0.172***	0.285***	0.304***	0.302***
Age	−0.047***	−0.062***	−0.059***	−0.060***
Age-Squared	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
Years of Educ.		−0.078**	−0.075*	−0.071*
Years of Educ. Squared		0.002***	0.001***	0.001***
Log HH Income		0.008	0.011	−0.001
Labor Force Status (Ref = Full Time)
Part Time		−0.380***	−0.400***	−0.371***
Unemployed		−0.596***	−0.599***	−0.603***
Marital Status (Ref = Married)
Never Married			0.124*	0.095
Div./Sep.			0.122	0.150*
Widowed			−0.184**	−0.158**
MSA Residence (Ref = Large MSA)
Medium				−0.333***
None				0.015
Region (Ref = Northeast)
South				−0.305***
Midwest				−0.237***
West				−0.305***
Log-Lik.	− 7200.3	−7127.7	−7119.0	−7080.1
BIC	14464.65	14383.34	14393.50	14361.37
Df	7	14	17	22

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.

Notes: All hazard models include a continuous control variable for years since survey. The results in this table represent survival rates. We use a negative sign on the skin tone coefficients when we exponentiate to estimate the ratio of the respective darker skin tone-to-’light’ mortality hazards (e.g. ^exp-(b)).