TABLE 3.
Probiotic and placebo effects on absolutely quantified colonic fermentation metabolites after 4 weeks of intake
| Metabolite | Chemical classa |
Metabolite concentration withb
: |
P value for probiotic vs placebo |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probiotic |
Placebo |
|||||
| Start | End | Start | End | |||
| Acetate (mM) | SCFA | 162.14 ± 75.53 | 176.14 ± 81.55 | 181.68 ± 80.74 | 192.28 ± 85.31 | 0.869 |
| Propionate (mM) | SCFA | 42.49 ± 27.53 | 38.86 ± 17.21 | 40.33 ± 21.29 | 41.20 ± 17.85 | 0.436 |
| Butyrate (mM) | SCFA | 28.31 ± 15.29 | 29.90 ± 15.42 | 30.12 ± 15.85 | 34.09 ± 19.13 | 0.613 |
| Isobutyrate (mM) | BCFA | 3.15 ± 1.29 | 3.57 ± 1.71 | 3.15 ± 1.35 | 3.46 ± 1.57 | 0.815 |
| Isovalerate (mM) | BCFA | 1.94 ± 0.79 | 2.37 ± 1.19 | 2.07 ± 0.96 | 2.26 ± 1.20 | 0.457 |
| Dimethyl sulfide (µM) |
S-compound | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 0.855 |
| p-Cresol (mM) | Phenol | 0.61 ± 0.39 | 0.73 ± 0.49 | 0.68 ± 0.56 | 0.69 ± 0.58 | 0.498 |
| Indole (µM) | Indole | 2.79E−3 (1.20E−4 to 8.76E−3) |
1.93E−3 (0 to 8.02E−3) |
1.98E−3 (9.32E−4 to 4.61E−3) |
3.09E−3 (1.38E−3 to 6.43E−3) |
0.81 |
a
SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; BCFA, branched-chain fatty acid.
b
Except as noted, values are expressed as mean ± SD and were compared with paired two-sample t tests when the normality assumption was met. If not, data are represented as median with IQR in parentheses and were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.