Table 3.
Dukes' staging | TNM staging | Description | Survival (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Stage 0 | Carcinoma in situ | ||
A | Stage I | No nodal involvement, no metastasis, tumor invades submucosa (T1, N0, M0), tumor invades muscularis (T2, N0, M0) | 90–100% |
B | Stage II | No nodal involvement, no metastasis, tumor invades subserosa (T3, N0, M0), invade other organ (T4, N0, M0) | 75–85% |
C | Stage III | Regional lymph nodes involved (any T, N1, M0) | 30–40% |
D | Stage IV | Distant metastasis (any T, any N, M1) | <5% |