Figure 1.

Macroscopic observation of overall signs and gastrocnemius muscle edema during the rehabilitation process. (A) The envenomed status of mice inoculated with D. acutus venom i.m. was tightly related with varespladib. Severe subcutaneous hemorrhage, paralytic hind leg, and skin ulceration developed in the venom group (day 1). Muscle contraction recovery, hemorrhage clearance, skin scabs and heals appeared serially during the rehabilitation process; (B) Morphological changes in gastrocnemius muscle. The envenomed muscle exhibited hemorrhage and edema during the early stage, atrophy was observed in the regenerative period; (C) Variation in gastrocnemius muscle width. ∆mm = width subtraction of the right limb to the left limb. Data were presented as means ± SD (n = 3). * p Venom vs. Venom + Var (p < 0.05), “a” p < 0.05 Venom vs. Vehicle, “b” p < 0.05 Venom + Var vs. Vehicle, “c” p < 0.05 Venom vs. Venom day 1, “d” p < 0.05 Venom + Var vs. Venom + Var day 1, Varespladib was abbreviated as Var.