Table 4.
Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and individual phenolics and flavonoids from optimized and non-optimized extracts of Garcinia mangostana.
| Secondary Metabolites | Optimized | Non-Optimized |
|---|---|---|
| TPC | 368.2 ± 21.06 a | 311.72 ± 19.55 b |
| trans-ferulic acid | 148.91 ± 17.69 a | 112.41 ± 16.53 b |
| cinnamic acid | 82.54 ± 9.21 a | 56.74 ± 9.21 b |
| caffeic acid | 55.06 ± 6.25 a | 41.42 ± 6.18 b |
| TFC | 279.19 ± 19.55 a | 192.5 ± 17.28 b |
| rutin | 34.73 ± 7.06 a | 30.16 ± 5.44 b |
| catechin | 78.61 ± 9.18 a | 42.71 ± 5.92 b |
| quercetin | 40.15 ± 8.55 a | 36.22 ± 6.11 a |
Unit of TPC: mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g DM; unit of individual phenolic acids: mg/100 g DM. Unit of TFC: mg quercetin (QE)/100 g DM; unit of individual flavonoids: mg/100 g DM. Different superscript lower-case letters in each row indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 (Duncan’s test).