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. 2018 Jul 28;23(8):1887. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081887

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Melatonin biosynthesis and catabolism pathways in plants. Abbreviation: TDC, tryptophan decarboxylase; TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase; T5H, tryptamine 5-hydroxylase; SNAT, serotonin N-acetyltransferase; ASMT, N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; AFMK, N¹-acetyl-N²-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine; AMK, N-acetyl-5-methoxyknuramine; M2H, melatonin 2-hydroxylase; M3H, melatonin 3-hydroxylase; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; 2-ODD, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species. Dotted arrows represent the hypothetical steps.