Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients in the Included Studies
| Characteristics | Valerio et al10 | Heresi et al11 | Kovacs et al5 | Suzuki et al12 | Maron et al3 | Takahashi et al13 | Douschan et al4 | Assad et al2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | |
| (n=136) | (n=63) | (n=51) | (n=31) | (n=109) | (n=32) | (n=82) | (n=18) | (n=4207) | (n=5030) | (n=58) | (n=16) | (n=193) | (n=64) | (n=876) | (n=783) | |
| Age, y | 51±17 | 59±14 | 57.3±12.5 | 65.8±12.5 | 64.5±8.3 | 67.9±6.4 | 64.3 (59.6–73.0) | 65.2 (60.3–73.5) | 62.9±19 | 61.9±11.4 | 60 (50–69) | 67 (58–75) | 59 (47–68) | 62 (52–71) | ||
| Female | 88.2 | 90 | 37.8 | 27.8 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 58.6 | 43.8 | 72.5 | 70 | 46 | 46 | ||||
| Race (nonwhite) | 20.9 | 20.7 | 10 | 15 | ||||||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.6±4.5 | 27.5±5.9 | 23.5±3.8 | 24.8±4.6 | 28 (24.6–31.5) | 29.6 (26–34) | 22.7±3.9 | 23.8±4.3 | 26.2 (23.3–29.4) | 26.7 (22.9–31.2) | 27 (23–31) | 29 (25–34) | ||||
| Hypertension | 82.3 | 86 | 73 | 82 | ||||||||||||
| DM | 33.4 | 40.6 | 25 | 37 | ||||||||||||
| Smoking | 58.5 | 72.2 | 37.9 | 56.3 | 55.5 | 50 | ||||||||||
| Obesity | 29.4 | 30 | 33.7 | 47.3 | 29 | 43 | ||||||||||
| CAD | 78.6 | 82.4 | 72 | 76 | ||||||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 20 | 27 | ||||||||||||||
| COPD | 23 | 30.8 | 5 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| ILD | 100 | 100 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||
| OSA | 7.3 | 10.2 | 5 | 10 | ||||||||||||
| Anemia | 36 | 44 | ||||||||||||||
| Heart failure | 34.1 | 42.7 | 25 | 39 | ||||||||||||
| CTD | 100 | 100 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||
| CKD | 17.6 | 21.2 | ||||||||||||||
| HIV | 0.5 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||
| Sickle cell disease | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
| Cirrhosis | 9.7 | 8.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Abramson et al14 | Kjaergaard et al15 | Shalaby et al16 | Lam et al17 | Damy et al18 | Cabrita et al19 | Choudhary et al20 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | Ref. | Mild PH | |
| (n=80) | (n=7) | (n=97) | (n=97) | (n=86) | (n=90) | (n=956) | (n=278) | (n=212) | (n=99) | (n=116) | (n=48) | (n=1772) | (n=795) | |
| Age, y | 66.7 | 72 (65–81) | 77 (68–81) | 65±12 | 65±12 | 73±10 | 77±9 | 41±12 | 46±13 | 53.1±12.2 | 58.9±11.6 | |||
| Female | 15 | 36 | 41 | 6 | 16 | 36 | 55 | 35.6 | 32.3 | |||||
| Race (nonwhite) | 4 | 6 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26 (23–29) | 26 (21–28) | 27±5 | 26±6 | 25±5 | 24±6 | 30.5±6.6 | 31.8±6.9 | ||||||
| Hypertension | 18 | 30 | 71 | 60 | 42.9 | 50 | 52.7 | 65.6 | ||||||
| DM | 10 | 12 | 47 | 39 | 9.9 | 16 | 20.2 | 24.9 | ||||||
| Smoking | 29 | 29 | 22 | 18 | 15.6 | 12 | 29.3 | 34.4 | ||||||
| Obesity | 46.1 | 54.2 | ||||||||||||
| CAD | 41 | 43 | 6.1 | 9 | ||||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 34 | 49 | 44.5 | 55 | ||||||||||
| COPD | 18 | 24 | 34 | 27 | 43 | 50 | ||||||||
| ILD | ||||||||||||||
| OSA | ||||||||||||||
| Anemia | ||||||||||||||
| Heart failure | 76 | 68 | 1.4 | 3.1 | ||||||||||
| CTD | ||||||||||||||
| CKD | 5 | 9 | ||||||||||||
| HIV | ||||||||||||||
| Sickle cell disease | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||
| Cirrhosis | ||||||||||||||
Continuous variables are presented as mean±SD or median (interquartile range), and categorical variables are presented as percentages. Empty cells indicate data not available. BMI indicates body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTD, connective tissue disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ILD, interstitial lung disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PH, pulmonary hypertension; Ref., referent group.