Table 2.
Comparison of ICG Parameters Between Nonhypertensive, Stage 1 Hypertensive, and Stage 2 Hypertensive Subjects in the Study Sample
| ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Group | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonhypertensive | Stage 1 Hypertension | Stage 2 Hypertension | ||
| Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||
| Stroke volume, mL | 80.4 (79–81.9) | 83.2 (81.3–85) | 77.2 (75.5–78.9) | <0.0001a, b |
| Stroke index, mL/m2 | 47.4 (46.7–48) | 47 (46.3–47.8) | 43.7 (43–44.5) | <0.0001a, b |
| Cardiac output, mL/min | 5.01 (4.93–5.1) | 5.22 (5.11–5.32) | 4.99 (4.89–5.09) | 0.0029b, c |
| Cardiac index, mL m2/min | 2.91 (2.87–2.95) | 2.91 (2.86–2.96) | 2.76 (2.71–2.8) | <0.0001a, b |
| SVR, dyn s/cm5 | 1132 (1112–1153) | 1183 (1156–1209) | 1389 (1358–1420) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| SVR index, dyn s m2/cm5 | 1954 (1924–1985) | 2124 (2083–2165) | 2517 (2468–2566) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| TAC, mL/mm Hg | 2.03 (1.98–2.08) | 1.88 (1.82–1.94) | 1.37 (1.33–1.41) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| TAC index, mL m2/mm Hg | 1.175 (1.147–1.203) | 1.049 (1.018–1.079) | 0.757 (0.735–0.779) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| Velocity index, 1/100 s | 59.2 (57.8–60.6) | 52 (50.5–53.5) | 45.7 (44.4–47.1) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| Acceleration index, 1/100 s2 | 104 (100.9–107) | 88.8 (85.6–92) | 77.4 (74.6–80.2) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| Systolic time ratio | 0.248 (0.244–0.252) | 0.235 (0.231–0.24) | 0.223 (0.218–0.227) | <0.0001a, b, c |
| Pre‐ejection period, ms | 85.7 (84.7–86.7) | 84.9 (83.7–86.2) | 80.8 (79.7–82) | <0.0001a, b |
| LV ejection time, ms | 338 (335–342) | 353 (349–357) | 355 (350–359) | <0.0001a, c |
Nonhypertensive: BP <13 080 mm Hg. Stage 1 hypertension: systolic BP 130 to 139 or diastolic BP 80 to 89 mm Hg; stage II hypertension: systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or pharmacological treatment for hypertension. ACC indicates American College of Cardiology; AHA, American Heart Association; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; ICG, impedance cardiography; LV, left ventricular; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TAC, total arterial compliance.
Post‐hoc pair‐wise comparison different between nonhypertensive and stage 2 hypertension.
Post‐hoc pair‐wise comparison different between stage 1 and 2 hypertension.
Post‐hoc pair‐wise comparison different between nonhypertensive and stage 1 hypertension.