Fig. 4.

Endonucleolytic mechanisms that occur during virus infection A. Viruses utilise a “cap-snatching” mechanism by stealing a 5′ cap from host transcripts to ensure viral transcripts are able to be transcribed by the host machinery. B. The host and virus encode proteins that can cleave host antiviral transcripts or the viral genome. C. miRNAs are encoded by the host or the virus, which can then go on to target viral and host transcripts respectively to either further virus replication or induce an antiviral state of the cell.