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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 8.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Funct Mater. 2018 Apr 25;28(26):1707161. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201707161

Figure 1.

Figure 1

PPMC fabrication and characterization. a) Fabrication of PPMC system using the screen-printing protocol coupled with layer-by-layer assembly. b) Digital images of PPMC developed with interdigitated four-finger electrodes for singleplex detection and two-semi-circular electrodes for multiplex detection. c) Optical and electron microscopy images of the transverse section and the top surface of a fabricated PPMC device, showing the detailed layer structure and organization of electrodes. CP: cellulose paper; E: electrode; and PS: plastic sheet. d) Electrical field simulation of PPMC designed with finger (top) and semi-circular (down) electrodes. Impedance spectroscopy of different dilutions of phosphate buffer saline (1x PBS, pH 7.2) tested over a range of frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 KHz using PPMC with e) finger and f) semi-circular electrodes.