Table 1.

Effects of dietary polyphenols on A. muciniphila abundance.

Dietary polyphenols	Subjects/Animal models	Treatment	Effects on A. muciniphila	Other effects	References
Pomegranate extract	Healthy humans	1 g/d for 4 weeks	No effect	N/A	Li et al. (2015)
Cranberry extract	DIO mice	200 mg/kg bw with a high-fat/high sucrose diet for 8 weeks	Increase relative abundance (operational taxonomic unit sequences) from 2% to over 30% in feces	Prevent increase of LPS and intestinal inflammation, body weight gain, visceral obesity, insulin resistance induced by high-fat/high sucrose diet	Anhê et al. (2015)
Green tea powder	DIO mice	4% in a high-fat diet for 22 weeks	No effect	Reduced the body fat content and hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol accumulation	Axling et al. (2012)
Concord grape polyphenols	DIO mice	1% in a high-fat diet for 13 weeks	Increased the relative abundance of A. muciniphila in cecal sample: from 6.2 to 49.1% 16 S rRNA sequences; fecal sample: from 7.5 to 54.8% 16 S rRNA sequences	Reduced serum LPS by 81%, inflammation, body weight gain, adiposity, glucose intolerance, increased gut barrier function	Roopchand et al. (2015)
Whole grape	DIO mice	3–5% California table grape in high-fat diet for 11 weeks	No significant effect	Reduced adiposity and markers of hepatic lipogenesis and alters gut microbiota in butter fat-fed mice	Baldwin et al. (2016)