Table 2.

Changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with the severity of NAFLD.

References	Disease and groups	Comparison	Implicated Microbiota Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Genus/species	Methodology
									Boursier et al.20	F0/1 fibrosis without NASH (n=20), F0/1 fibrosis with NASH (n=10), fibrosis F≥2 (n=27)	No NASH vs NASH	Bacteroidetes			Bacteroidaceae ↑	Bacteroides ↑	16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (Stool sample)
		Prevotellaceae ↓	Prevotella ↓
F0/1 fibrosis vs F=2 fibrosis	Bacteroidetes			Bacteroidaceae ↑	Bacteroides ↑
				Prevotellaceae ↓	Prevotella ↓
	Firmicutes			Ruminococcaceae	Ruminococcus ↑
				Erysipelotrichaceae ↓
Loomba et al.21	Mild/moderate (stage 0–2 fibrosis) NAFLD (n=72), Advanced fibrosis (stage 3 or 4 fibrosis) (n=14)	stage 0–2 fibrosis vs stage 3 or 4 fibrosis	Proteobacteria ↑					Whole genome shotgun sequencing of DNA (Stool sample)
			Firmicutes ↓			Eubacteriaceae	Eubacterium rectale ↓
						Ruminococcaceae	Ruminococcus obeum CAG:39 ↓, Ruminococcus obeum ↓

Comparison of condition A vs condition B: ↑ signifies an increase in condition B relative to condition A. ↓ signifies a decrease in condition B relative to condition A. Abbreviations: NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.