Table 5.
5+ Homework Hours | High Grades2 | |||||
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AOR1 | SE | p | AOR | SE | p | |
Technology and Interactive Social Media (z-scored) | ||||||
Watch television on a weekday | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Watch television on a weekend | 1.27 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 1.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
Use computer for school | 1.89 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 1.16 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Play electronic video games | 0.97 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Text | 1.08 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 0.04 | 0.16 |
Talk on phone | 0.98 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.89 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Chat on video | 0.93 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Visit social networking websites | 0.96 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.93 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Demographics and Controls | ||||||
Grade 8 (vs. Grade 10) | 0.68 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 1.45 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
Male (vs. Female) | 0.83 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Race/Ethnicity (vs. White) | ||||||
Black | 0.54 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
Asian | 1.30 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 1.82 | 0.32 | 0.00 |
Hispanic | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 0.00 |
Other | 0.87 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.74 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
Parent Ed. Attainment (College+ vs. < College) | 1.43 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 1.74 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
Enjoy School | 1.26 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 1.91 | 0.09 | 0.00 |
Participate in Extracurricular Activities | 1.14 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.54 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
Alcohol use past 12 months | 0.93 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.94 | 0.05 | 0.29 |
Binge drink last 2 weeks | 0.85 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.71 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
Marijuana use past 12 months | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.54 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
5+ Homework Hours (z-scored) | 1.27 | 0.03 | 0.00 | |||
| ||||||
Constant | 0.52 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 3.06 | 0.21 | 0.00 |
n | 24693 | 24398 | ||||
| ||||||
Goodness of Fit | ||||||
F-adjusted test statistic | F(9,642) =5.89 | F(9,642) =0.90 | ||||
Prob > F | 0.00 | 0.52 |
Note.
AOR = Adjusted odds ratio. Significance assessed at p<.01 level.
Sensitivity analyses were conducted with different cutoff points for High Grades (i.e., A through B− vs. C+ through D and below; A through B vs. B− through D and below; A and A− vs. B through D and below), but the pattern of results for technology and interactive media remained consistent. For clarity, the results presented here are based on High Grades defined as A’s and B’s vs. C’s and D’s.