Fig. 3.

Evolutionarily stable life history strategies (upper panels) under different shapes of density dependence acting on survival (bottom panels). The results are extracted from Fig. 5 from (Dańko et al. 2017) ESS allocation model. It is assumed that an organism first allocates resource to growth and then switches completely to reproduction, while allocation to repairs is independent of age. The parameter g (c in Dańko et al. 2017 model) is age-independent extrinsic mortality as in Figs. 1 and 2. The Sh1–Sh4 represent different shapes of strength of DD, as illustrated in the bottom panels. In Sh1 DD acts only on juveniles (ESS can be obtained by maximization of R₀), in Sh4 DD acts uniformly on all age classes (ESS can be obtained by maximization of r). Sh2 and Sh3 represent intermediate cases (maximization of neither R₀ nor r gives ESS)