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Atom percentage of element content of PbS CQDs solar cells with different hybrid ligands from XPS results
| Sample | Atom (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C 1s C–C | C 1s C=O | Cl 2p metal chloride | Pb 4f (4d) | S 2p3 (S 2p1) metal sulfide | S 2p3 (S 2p1) thiol | O 1s carbonates/sulfates | O 1s metal oxide | S 2p3 (S 2p1) sulfate | |
| A-passivated PbS | 33.65 | 5.95 | 0 | 10.65 | 19.01 | 6.9 | 20.83 | 0.57 | 2.44 |
| B-passivated PbS | 36.7 | 4.94 | 2.88 | 11.39 | 26.81 | 3.76 | 13.53 | 0 | 0 |
