Table 2. Compilation of case reports.
| Author | Age | Sex | Breed | Associated injuries | Fracture | Abx | Imaging | Repair | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Froind et al 25 (2013) | 13 y | F | Pitbull | 1. Head, neck, and breast lacerations 2. Neck hematoma |
Depressed R skull fracture (transmastoid puncture) | Not specified | CT angio on presentation to rule out vascular injury | Debridement and closure | None, discharged 4 d post-op |
| Baldi et al 26 (2013) | 2 y | F | Rottweiler | Facial lacerations, including a full-thickness upper eyelid laceration | 1. Displaced L vertical mandibular ramus fracture 2. L inferior and lateral orbital rim fractures with displaced zygoma |
Not specified | CT for Malocclusion with R deviation | ORIF | None, discharged 7 d post-op |
| de Carvalho et al 27 (2012) | 3 y | M | Pitbull | Soft-tissue loss on R including parotid, Stensen's duct, facial nerve, and buccinator muscle | Comminuted fracture of the R mandible of body and ramus with avulsed condyle | Not specified | No imaging performed | Tracheotomy on presentation, ORIF with MMF | Extensive soft-tissue loss, discharged 2 mo post-op |
| Cottom et al 28 (2011) | 5 y | F | – | Facial and intraoral lacerations and luxated left deciduous central incisor | Mandibular symphysis | Not specified | X-ray on presentation | ORIF and dental extraction | None, discharged after 6 wk |
| Burns et al 29 (2011) | 20 mo | F | Bullmastiff | Puncture wounds on neck and scalp and R ear laceration | Depressed R occipital skull fracture | Not specified | Fracture noted in OR, intra-op CT performed | Debridement of bone fragments and repair of dura | None |
| Walker et al 30 (2009) | 9 mo | F | – | Facial lacerations | L mandibular body | Amox/Clav | None, fracture found in OR | ORIF | None |
| Santana-Montero et al 31 (2009) | 2 y | F | Akita | Wounds in occipital area, developed purulence 2 mo after primary closure | Two depressed skull fractures in the occipital area | Ceftriaxone | CT delayed, fracture found after abscess development | L suboccipital craniectomy | Cerebellar abscesses ( Streptococcus intermedius ), discharged 6 wk post-op |
Abbreviations: Amox/Clav, amoxicillin/clavulanate; CT, computed tomography; L, left; MMF, maxillomandibular fixation; OR, operating room; ORIF, open reduction internal fixation; R, right.