Table 2.
Patient demographic and hospital-level characteristics (all operations; nationally-weighted percentages)
| Type of complication | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient Characteristic |
Any complication | Mechanical wound | Infection | Urinary | Pulmonary | Gastrointestinal | Cardiovascular | Systemic | Surgical |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 18-45 | 20.7 | 1.9 | 6.0 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 3.1 |
| 46-55 | 22.1 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 0.9 | 3.9 | 10.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 3.1 |
| 56-65 | 24.2 | 2.2 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 4.6 | 10.6 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 3.3 |
| 66-75 | 26.9 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 12.0 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 3.7 |
| 76-85 | 28.3 | 1.9 | 6.6 | 1.8 | 5.6 | 12.5 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 3.6 |
| >85 | 30.1 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 2.0 | 6.4 | 13.0 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 3.5 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 28.8 | 2.5 | 7.9 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 12.8 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
| Female | 23.2 | 1.5 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 10.3 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 3.3 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 26.1 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 11.5 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 3.4 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 26.2 | 2.0 | 7.6 | 1.2 | 4.5 | 11.7 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 3.5 |
| Hispanic | 25.6 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 10.8 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 3.4 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 25.0 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 10.8 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 3.9 |
| Unreported | 26.4 | 1.8 | 6.2 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 12.0 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 3.6 |
| Insurance | |||||||||
| Public | 27.8 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 12.2 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 3.6 |
| Private | 22.8 | 1.9 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 10.5 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 3.2 |
| Uninsured | 23.3 | 1.8 | 8.1 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 10.4 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 3.2 |
| Other | 23.7 | 2.3 | 6.8 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 3.3 |
| Income quartile (USD)A | |||||||||
| 1-38,999 | 26.7 | 2.3 | 7.5 | 1.3 | 5.2 | 11.6 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 3.7 |
| 39,000-47,999 | 25.7 | 2.1 | 6.6 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 11.4 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.4 |
| 48,000-63,999 | 26.2 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 5.1 | 11.8 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
| ≥ 64,000 | 25.8 | 1.8 | 6.4 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 11.5 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 3.3 |
| CCI | |||||||||
| ≤ 2 | 24.3 | 1.8 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 11.6 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 3.4 |
| 3-4 | 26.4 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 3.4 |
| 5-6 | 27.0 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 1.4 | 5.8 | 12.1 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
| ≥ 7 | 28.9 | 2.3 | 8.2 | 1.6 | 6.7 | 13.4 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
| Indication | |||||||||
| Elective | 24.4 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 1.4 | 4.5 | 11.1 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
| Emergent/Urgent | 30.4 | 2.5 | 9.9 | 1.3 | 6.3 | 12.7 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 3.5 |
| Type of complication | |||||||||
| Hospital Characteristic | Any complication | Mechanical wound | Infection | Urinary | Pulmonary | Gastrointestinal | Cardiovascular | Systemic | Surgical |
| Hospital volume | |||||||||
| High volume | 26.4 | 2.1 | 6.9 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 11.5 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 3.5 |
| Low volume | 25.5 | 1.9 | 6.4 | 1.4 | 4.5 | 11.8 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 3.3 |
| Teaching-Location | |||||||||
| Rural | 24.4 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 12.3 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 3.2 |
| Urban teaching | 25.9 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 12.3 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 3.2 |
| Urban non-teaching | 26.6 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 10.9 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 3.7 |
| Region | |||||||||
| Northeast | 26.2 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 5.3 | 10.1 | 4.9 | 1.3 | 3.2 |
| Midwest | 25.8 | 2.0 | 6.3 | 1.3 | 4.9 | 11.7 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
| South | 25.4 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 1.1 | 5.0 | 11.4 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 3.3 |
| West | 27.6 | 2.2 | 7.2 | 1.3 | 4.9 | 13.4 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
Bonferroni corrected p-values taken from two-sided Chi-squared tests were significant for all considered covariates, comparing patients without a complication to (1) patients with one or more complications overall as well as to (2) patients with one or more complications corresponding to each system-based complication group.
Abbreviations: CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index
A
Values shown reflect the year 2011 (2011 USD), some variation each year with values coded by NIS