Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable cox proportional hazards models for risk factors in smoldering multiple myeloma
| Factor | Univariable results | Multivariable results* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | p -value | HR | p -value | |
| Age | 1.02 | 0.420 | - | - |
| Sex (male vs. female) | 0.97 | 0.946 | - | - |
| BMPC ( ≥ 20% vs. < 20%) | 2.27 | 0.051 | 2.74 | 0.025 |
| M-protein ( ≥ 3 vs. < 3 g/dL) | 1.85 | 0.551 | - | - |
| FLC ratio ( ≥ 8 vs. < 8) | 2.79 | 0.023 | 2.66 | 0.028 |
| eMP | 3.90 | 0.006 | 4.47 | 0.003 |
| eHb | 2.04 | 0.097 | - | - |
| LDH ( > upper limit of normal vs. normal) | 2.51 | 0.233 | - | - |
| Beta-2-microglobulin ( > 3.5 vs. ≤ 3.5 mg/L) | 2.63 | 0.149 | - | - |
BMPC clonal bone marrow plasma cells, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, FLC free light chain, eHb evolving pattern of hemoglobin, eMP evolving pattern of monoclonal protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase
*Note that the multivariable model is based on 88 subjects with fully available FLC ratio, eMP, and eHb data.
Evolving patterns are defined as evolving m-protein/Ig or evolving Hb over the first 12 mo of diagnosis as defined by Ravi et al.