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. 2018 Nov 8;8:16551. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34877-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histopathological analysis in the porcine coronary arteries with stent implantation. (a) Restenosis level in the cross-section of porcine coronary arteries implanted with rapalogue-coated metal stent. Representative HE images are shown. (b) Injury score representing similar level of vascular injury by stent implantation. (c) The ratio of neointimal area versus internal elastic luminal area was calculated as described in the Materials and Methods. Data in the graph show means ± SEM of the percent of restenosis area. (d) Endothelial score was measured in the tissue sections of porcine coronary arteries implanted with rapalogue-coated metal stent. (e,f) Fibrin score was measured by Carstairs’s fibrin staining in the tissue sections of porcine coronary arteries implanted with rapalogue-coated metal stent. Representative fibrin staining images are shown (e). (g) Inflammation score was measured in the tissue sections of porcine coronary arteries implanted with rapalogue-coated metal stent. Data in graphs b,c,d,f, and g show means ± SEM of the measured scores (n = 5, ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.001 with one-way ANOVA). N.S., not significant. Bare metal stent (BMS) is used as the uncoated stent control.