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. 2018 Nov 8;8:16584. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35027-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TTC treatment protects against the spinal MN degeneration induced by chronic excitotoxicity in the spinal cord. This histological analysis was made in the spinal cord tissue of rats treated as indicated, seven days after minipump implantation. (a) Representative micrographs of Nissl-stained sections of the infused lumbar spinal cord region (quantitative analysis in (b)), and their corresponding 150% magnification in the inset. (b) Number of healthy MNs in the ventral horns in the infused spinal cord region and in the adjacent rostral zone. AMPA elicited almost complete loss of spinal MNs and TTC, mainly after i.m. administration, prevented this damage in both the infused and the rostral regions. Fifteen histological slices/rat/region were analyzed. Data are mean values ± SE for 5 (control), 10 (AMPA), 11 (TTC pre-treatment), 7 (TTC post-treatment) and 8 (TTC spinal infusion) rats. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs corresponding side of the AMPA group in the corresponding region (infused or rostral). ^##p < 0.01, ^##p < 0.01 vs corresponding side of the spinal treatment.