Fig. 5.

Antibiotics can improve glucose tolerance in mice fed chow or certain obesogenic diets for short durations. Mice were treated with or without antibiotics (1 mg/mL ampicillin and 0.5 mg/mL neomycin) in the water for 3 days before being placed on chow, 45% HFD, or 60% HFD with or without antibiotics for an additional 4 days. a Experimental design for testing antibiotics during the obesogenic diet containing 60% fat (Chow + Ab = 10; HFD = 9; HFD + Ab = 19). b Body mass and change in % body fat on Day 4 of HFD feeding with or without antibiotics. c Fasting blood glucose and d Glucose tolerance test (GTT) (2 g per kg glucose i.p.) and area under the curve (AUC) with and without antibiotics. e Experimental design for testing antibiotics during the obesogenic diet containing 45% fat (Chow = 10; Chow + Ab = 9; HFD = 10; HFD + Ab = 10). f Body mass and % change in body fat measures for chow fed and 45% HFD mice on Day 4 of feeding. g Fasting blood glucose and h GTT (2 g per kg glucose i.p.) and AUC with and without antibiotics. i PCoA of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for all groups on Day 4 of chow diet or 45% HFD, with or without antibiotics. j Stacked bar graph showing the relative abundance of the 12 most abundant bacterial taxa (Genus level) over the entire course of the experiment in chow and 45% HFD-fed mice. Statistical significance was measured as p < 0.05 using Student t-test or one-way ANOVA. Post hoc analysis was performed using Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; #p < 0.001; ##p < .0001). Values are mean ± SEM