Fig. 7.

Gut microbiota from long-term, but not short-term HFD-fed mice causes glucose intolerance in germ-free mice. a Schematic of experimental design. Specific pathogen free (SPF) donor mice were placed on chow or 60% HFD on Day -1. On Day 0, and each subsequent day, feces were transferred from donor mice fed a chow diet or donor mice fed a HFD to recipient mice that were germ-free until colonized for this experiment. Recipient mice were all fed chow diet. After 7 days of daily exposure, feces were then transferred from donor to recipient mouse cages once per week. On Day 4 (b) and Day 45 (c) of microbiota transfer from donor to recipient mice the colonized germ-free, recipient mice were tested for glucose tolerance (N = 5, 5), where glucose tolerance test (GTT), area under the curve (AUC), and % body fat are shown. Statistical significance was measured with a Student t-test (**p < 0.01). Values are mean ± SEM. d PCoA of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for all groups (left panel) and germ-free recipient groups only (right panel). e Boxplots showing the relative abundances of taxa that were significantly different between recipient mice that were exposed to feces from chow-fed or 60% HFD-fed donor mice. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the two groups and calculate the significance (p < 0.05). Boxplots show median ± first and third quartiles. f Upset plot comparing taxa present in each group, where the y-axis shows the number of taxa common between the groups identified along the x-axis. Bar graph beside the x-axis shows the total number of taxa detected in each group