Table 3.
Aqueous cytokine levels at baseline and during the follow-up.
| Cytokine (pg/mL) | Controls | Cases | Absolute variation Baseline vs 120 days | p-value# | p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 60 days | 120 days | |||||
| Interleukins | |||||||
| IL-1β | 0.06 (0.04; 0.09) | 0.17 (0.01; 0.31) | 0.10 (0.01; 0.4) | 0.04 (0.01; 0.26)† | −0.10 (−0.09; 0.23) | 0.147 | 0.020 |
| IL-1RA | 3.51 (2.10; 14.35) | 3.97 (1.89; 19.58) | 2.94 (1.55; 23.05) | 0.94 (0.54; 1.74)† | −2.16 (−4.13; −0.03) | 0.685 | 0.014 |
| IL-4 | 1.28 (0.49; 2.51) | 0.57 (0.33; 2.37) | 0.72 (0.33; 3.89) | 0.99 (0.33; 1.65) | 0.21 (−2.52; 5.49) | 0.334 | 0.917 |
| IL-5 | 0.14 (0.10; 0.41) | 0.15 (0.03; 0.24) | 0.07 (0.03; 0.23)† | 0 (0; 0.20) | −0.16 (−0.25; −0.03) | 0.352 | 0.013 |
| IL-6 | 2.99 (1.25; 6.31) | 5.84 (2.10; 24.81) | 9.75 (3.81; 19.62)† | 3.11 (2.15; 11.39)† | −3.05 (−6.13; 0.37) | 0.078 | 0.050 |
| IL-7 | 2.05 (1.43; 3.58) | 1.86 (0.70; 4.32) | 1.06 (0.70; 2.91) | 0.88 (0.29; 2.54) | −0.08 (−1.99; 0.30) | 0.540 | 0.441 |
| IL-10 | 0.54 (0.16; 0.82) | 1.22 (0.08; 1.99) | 0.66 (0.02; 2.28) | 0.41 (0; 2.16) | 0 (−0.31; 0.10) | 0.005 | 0.479 |
| IL-12p40 | 3.49 (0.62; 4.78) | 398.50 (386.76; 423.30) | 123.48 (0.74; 139.78)† | 218.01 (2.79; 286.01)† | −196.87 (−396.94; 132.45) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-12p70 | 2.05 (0.34; 2.39) | 89.52 (1.62; 98.35) | 9.73 (0.34; 29.21)‡ | 12.59 (0.34; 31.35) | −81.91 (−98.36; 7.59) | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| IL-15 | 1.91 (0.87; 3.59) | 4.62 (3.17; 9.88) | 2.69 (1.95; 8.91) | 5.33 (2.52; 11.51) | 1.94 (−4.78; 1.19) | <0.001 | 0.097 |
| G-CSF | 1.11 (0.74; 1.87) | 1.23 (0.74; 4.03) | 1.40 (0.42; 3.46) | 1.16 (0.06; 2.02) | −0.88 (−3.89; 0.42) | 0.740 | 0.301 |
| GM-CSF | 0.27 (0.13; 0.54) | 0.12 (0.05; 0.23) | 0.21 (0.09; 0.37)‡ | 0.25 (0.03; 0.43) | 0.14 (−0.1; 0.25) | 0.350 | 0.038 |
| GrowthFactors | |||||||
| EGF | 1.48 (0.25; 6.50) | 3.28 (1.23; 4.48) | 0.88 (0.25; 3.3) | 1.26 (0.25; 3.02) | −4.55 (−15.83; −1.28) | 0.047 | 0.067 |
| FGF-2 | 20.48 (11.65; 395.00) | 5.42 (0.28; 8.41) | 5.15 (3.50; 12.23) | 3.55 (3.50; 12.04) | −1.78 (−2.35; 0.11) | 0.001 | 0.717 |
| VEGF | 0.43 (0.12; 0.88) | 3.41 (0.91; 10.75) | 2.19 (0.40; 7.05)† | 1.03 (0.40; 3.98) | −0.09 (−4.22; 2.48) | <0.001 | 0.027 |
| Interferons | |||||||
| IFNα2 | 1.11 (0.86; 5.10) | 2.65 (0.18; 8.16) | 2.84 (0.18; 7.75) | 3.87 (1.07; 4.71) | 0.33 (−3.18; 1.41) | 0.531 | 0.457 |
| Chemokines | |||||||
| MCP-1 | 707.00 (435.34; 1891.00) | 789.00 (0.97; 1399.75) | 1262.50 (692.50; 2315.50) | 1088.50 (151.00; 3004.00) | −78.71 (−282.32; 618.84) | 0.451 | 0.670 |
| MIP-1α | 1.69 (1.69; 2.61) | 3.96 (1.34; 8.95) | 3.47 (0.65; 6.94) | 3.56 (1.58; 6.82) | −0.40 (−1.92; 1.72) | 0.238 | 0.273 |
| MIP-1β | 4.77 (1.75; 6.69) | 6.48 (1.39; 11.86) | 3.53 (0.70; 7.14) | 3.23 (0.55; 5.92) | −6.92 (−7.81; −4.00) | 0.015 | 0.441 |
| MCP-3 | 1.55 (1.06; 3.29) | 2.53 (0.65; 4.54) | 1.7 (0.16; 4.08) | 0.65 (0.06; 2.36) | −3.54 (−5.39; −1.31) | 0.003 | 0.078 |
| EOTAXIN | 0.53 (0.42; 5.40) | 2.71 (1.79; 6.4) | 2.54 (1.40; 5.32)† | 2.61 (1.06; 13.68) | −2.67 (−4.67; 1.53) | 0.072 | 0.034 |
| MDC | 1.43 (1.43; 3.25) | 15.56 (4.50; 20.55) | 8.75 (3.49; 14.67) | 2.68 (1.43; 3.69) | −14.71 (−19.84; −3.59) | 0.007 | 0.068 |
| GRO | 21.35 (6.98; 39.31) | 26.35 (7.48; 40.21) | 29.08 (13.36; 41.23) | 17.08 (7.60; 31.88)‡ | −12.21 (−21.65; 2.72) | 0.896 | 0.013 |
| IL-8 | 4.96 (1.86; 10.12) | 4.41 (1.86; 10.63) | 7.83 (3.00; 27.53) | 7.18 (2.41; 22.98) | −1.95 (−6.00; 6.60) | 0.370 | 0.264 |
| IP-10 | 166.00 (38.89; 236.00) | 292.97 (0.31; 338.50) | 151.68 (24.12; 180.10)‡ | 48.93 (3.37; 60.75) | −175.60 (−300.71; 0) | 0.636 | 0.001 |
| Fractalkine | 8.68 (5.05; 14.33) | 16.3 (1.61; 44.88) | 30.55 (18.90; 51.76)† | 27.77 (4.61; 41.21) | 2.28 (−4.14; 9.48) | 0.494 | 0.035 |
| Flt_3L | 12.37 (2.73; 19.75) | 13.31 (4.23; 17.78) | 16.01 (5.07; 18.59)‡ | 13.14 (6.10; 20.95) | −0.21 (−12.40; 4.81) | 0.764 | 0.002 |
Cytokine levels are expressed as median and Interquartile range (IQR).
*Friedman test evaluating variation in cytokine levels among time; †p < 0.05, ‡p < 0.01 pairwise post-hoc analysis vs previous.
measurement.
Bolded p-value were significant after FDR correction.
#Baseline vs controls.
For same cytokines, the concentration values were at the lowest test sensitivity threshold; therefore exact concentration values are not presented. The excluded cytokines were IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, TGFα, IFNγ, sCD40L and TNFα.