Table 5.
Criterion and predictive validity of assessment tools
| Test | Criterion | Predictive |
| Bayley-III | Given but mean age<22 months. Not relevant to study population.31 | Motor impairment at 4 years: Bayley-III at 2 years<1 SD=sensitivity 0.32–0.037, specificity 0.97<2 SD sensitivity 0.18–0.21 specificity 1.00. CP at 4 years: Bayley-III at 2 years<1 SD sensitivity 0.83 specificity 0.94. <2 SD sensitivity 0.67 specificity 1.0.4 |
| BOT-2 | MABC-2 p=0.92, PDMS-2 p=0.88 (n=38).21 PDMS-2 total motor composite r=0.77.12 | – |
| MABC-2 | PDMS-2 ρ=0.631–0.84.19 21 TGMD-2 ρ=0.45.5 TGMD-2 standard scores (r=0.3, p<0.02).41 BOT-2 ρ=0.90–0.92.21 | Classification groups (DCD, at risk and TD) remained same over time (6 months) χ2=0.67, p=0.72.41 Predictive of motor impairment over 6–12 months (n=41) ICC 0.88 p<0.007.41 Scores at 4 years predictive of motor impairment at 8 years in children born<30 weeks gestation (PPV 79, sensitivity 79%, specificity 93%).39 |
| MAND | Gross motor subscore: low-to-moderate correlation with manual dexterity (−0.46 to 0.35), reaction time (−0.31 to −0.58), intelligence measures (WISC-R, Metropolitan Achievement Test) (0.30 to 0.39) and visual motor test (−0.33 to 0.39).32 | – |
| NSMDA | NSMDA at 2 years (n=148) predictive of medical diagnosis χ2=0.08, p=NS.47 | Motor outcome at 11–13 years: NSMDA at 2 years—sensitivity 48.8%, specificity 82.4%, NSMDA at 4 years sensitivity 64.5%, and specificity 80%. PPV at 2 years 83%, at 4 years 87%.44 If classified ‘severe’ at 24 months, approximately 50% chance walking at 4 years (moderate=80%, mild=93%, minimal=100%).45 |
| PDMS-2 | MABC-2 ρ=0.63–0.84;19 21 MABC-2 gross motor composite ρ=0.743.19
BOT-2 ρ=0.88.21 Mullen Scales of Early Learning GMQ=0.86, FMQ=0.80.34 |
– |
| TGMD-2 | MABC-2 total r=0.49, p<0.01.5 ‘Teacher report’ r=0.34–0.45. Physical fitness r=−0.47–0.55.50
(n=41) Basic motor generalisations subtest of the CSSA r=0.63. Locomotor 0.63 object control 0.41.15 |
– |
Bayley-III, Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development third edition; BOT-2, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency second edition12; CP, cerebral palsy; CSSA, Comprehensive Scales of Student Abilities; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; MABC-2, Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition29; MAND, McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development32; NDI, Neurodevelopmental Index; NS, not specified; NSMDA, Neurological Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment33; PDMS-2, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales second edition34; TD, typically developing; 31; TGMD-II, Test of Gross Motor Development second edition.15