Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by three thresholds of apnea-hypopnea index
| All (N = 12,572) | AHI <5 (n = 8731) | AHI ≥5 (n = 3841) | AHI <15 (n = 11,144) | AHI ≥15 (n = 1428) | AHI <30 (n = 12,023) | AHI ≥30 (n = 549) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 41.1 ± 0.26 | 37.6 ± 0.26 | 51.2a ± 0.35 | 39.8 ± 0.26 | 52.7b ± 0.61 | 40.7 ± 0.26 | 51.6c ± 0.98 |
| Male | 47.7 | 43.2 | 60.5a | 45.7 | 65.6b | 46.7 | 71.9c |
| Hispanic/Latino | |||||||
| Mexican | 41.1 | 42.7 | 36.4a | 41.8 | 34.9b | 41.2 | 38.3 |
| Puerto Rican | 15.3 | 14.7 | 16.9a | 15.1 | 16.5 | 15.3 | 14.4 |
| Dominican | 9.7 | 10.1 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 7.3 |
| Central American | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 6.5 |
| South American | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.51 | 4.9 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 4.2 |
| Cuban | 18.5 | 16.5 | 24.1a | 17.6 | 26.7b | 18.2 | 26.8c |
| Other | 3.6 | 3.75 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 2.7 |
| Education <high school | 32.4 | 30.4 | 38.1a | 31.8 | 37.9b | 32.3 | 35.6 |
| Income ≤$20,000 | 44.9 | 44.4 | 46.4 | 45.0 | 44.5 | 45.0 | 42.5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14.9 | 9.9 | 29.3a | 12.8 | 34.5b | 14.0 | 39.1c |
| Hypertension | 21.5 | 14.8 | 40.5a | 18.4 | 49.2b | 20.4 | 48.1c |
| Never smoker | 62.9 | 65.8 | 54.7a | 64.0 | 52.7b | 63.5 | 49.2 |
| SASH Score | 2.2 ± 0.02 | 2.2 ± 0.02 | 2.0a ± 0.03 | 2.2 ± 0.02 | 2.0b± 0.04 | 2.2 ± 0.02 | 2.0 ± 0.05 |
| Spanish language | 76.0 | 73.8 | 82.3a | 75.2 | 82.6b | 75.8 | 80.4 |
| US born | 22.2 | 25.1 | 13.7a | 23.1 | 13.2b | 22.4 | 15.8c |
| >10 yr in US | 72.2 | 70.2 | 77.8a | 71.3 | 80.4b | 71.8 | 80.8c |
| Sleep duration, h | 8.0 ± 0.02 | 8.0 ± 0.03 | 7.9a ± 0.04 | 8.0 ± 0.02 | 7.9b ± 0.07 | 8.0 ± 0.02 | 7.9 ± 0.06 |
| Sleep duration | |||||||
| <7 | 19.7 | 19.1 | 21.6a | 19.4 | 22.3 | 19.6 | 21.5 |
| 7−8 | 33.9 | 33.0 | 36.7 | 33.6 | 36.6 | 33.8 | 37.1 |
| > 8 | 46.4 | 48.0 | 41.7 | 46.9 | 41.0 | 46.5 | 41.4 |
| ESS >10 | 14.3 | 13.2 | 17.7a | 13.8 | 19.0b | 13.9 | 25.3c |
| Sleeping medication use | 9.2 | 8.4 | 11.5a | 9.0 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 10.6 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB se | 11.5 | 7.5 | 23.0a | 9.8 | 27.1a | 10.7 | 31.1 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 120 ± 0.26 | 117 ± 0.24 | 128a ± 0.41 | 119 ± 0.25 | 130b ± 0.70 | 119 ± 0.26 | 129c ± 1.20 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 72 ± 0.19 | 70 ± 0.19 | 77a ± 0.27 | 71 ± 0.18 | 79b ± 0.42 | 72 ± 0.19 | 79c ± 0.66 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 0.09 | 28.3 ± 0.10 | 32.3a ± 0.14 | 28.8 ± 0.09 | 33.7b ± 0.25 | 29.1 ± 0.09 | 34.9c ± 0.33 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 120.0 ± 0.51 | 117.3 ± 0.60 | 127.9a ± 0.88 | 119.2 ± 0.53 | 127.8b ± 1.26 | 119.8 ± 0.52 | 126.6c ± 2.27 |
| C-reactive protein mg/l | 3.8 ± 0.10 | 3.4 ± 0.12 | 5.0a ± 0.19 | 3.6 ± 0.10 | 5.7b ± 0.41 | 3.7 ± 0.10 | 6.3c ± 0.88 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 107.0 ± 0.35 | 110.9 ± 0.36 | 95.6a ± 0.51 | 108.5 ± 0.36 | 93.3b ± 0.87 | 107.5 ± 0.36 | 93.8c ± 1.29 |
| UACR median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.5−12.0) | 6.3 (4.4−10.7) | 7.6 (4.8−15.6) | 6.4 (4.4−11.3) | 8.3 (5.1−17.9) | 6.5 (4.46−11.7) | 9.0 (5.23−21.4) |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AHI, apnea−hypopnea index; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SASH, Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics; SpO2, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation; UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio.
Data are expressed as weighted mean ± SE, median (IQR), or %.
a
P < 0.05 for comparison of AHI ≥5 versus <5.
b
P < 0.05 for comparison of AHI ≥15 versus <15.
c
P < 0.05 for comparison of AHI ≥30 versus <30.