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Effect of COD on inflammatory response in DKD rats. Serum levels of IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and TNF-α (c) were obtained by using ELISA on days 7, 15, and 30 after the COD treatment, respectively. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β (d), IL-6 (e), and TNF-α (f) in the remnant kidney were tested using qPCR on day 30 after the COD treatment. All data were presented as the mean ± SD (n = 6). ##p < 0.01, #p < 0.05 vs. Con group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. COD treatment
