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. 2018 Mar 27;9(1):1–45. doi: 10.1007/s13340-018-0345-3

Table 2.

Etiological classification of diabetes mellitus and glucose metabolism disorders

I. Type 1 (destruction of pancreatic β-cells, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency)
 A. Autoimmune
 B. Idiopathic
II. Type 2 (ranging from predominantly insulin secretory defect to predominantly insulin resistance with varying degrees of insulin secretory defect)
III. Due to other specific mutation or diseases
 A. Those in which specific mutations have been identified as a cause of genetic susceptibility
  (1) Genetic abnormalities of pancreatic β-cell function
  (2) Genetic abnormalities of insulin action
 B. Those associated with other diseases or conditions
  (1) Diseases of exocrine pancreas
  (2) Endocrine disease
  (3) Liver disease
  (4) Drug- or chemical-induced
  (5) Infections
  (6) Rare forms of immune-mediated diabetes
  (7) Various genetic syndromes often associated with diabetes
IV. Gestational diabetes mellitus

The occurrence of diabetes specific complications has not been confirmed in some of these conditions. Those that cannot currently be classified as any of the above are considered unclassifiable