Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted means of indices of postural sway according to the presence or absence of symptoms of bilateral numbness and/or paresthesia in the feet
| Symptoms of bilateral numbness and/or paresthesia in the feet | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Absence | Presence | ||
| N | 268 | 35 | |
| Length (cm) | |||
| Model 1 | 52.4 (50.1–54.7) | 59.3 (52.9–65.6) | 0.027 |
| Model 2 | 52.3 (50.1–54.6) | 59.5 (53.1–65.9) | 0.018 |
| Model 3a | 51.5 (48.8–54.2) | 58.9 (51.9–65.8) | 0.042 |
| Enveloped area (cm2) | |||
| Model 1 | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 3.5 (2.9–4.0) | 0.011 |
| Model 2 | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 3.5 (2.9–4.0) | 0.010 |
| Model 3a | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 3.3 (2.7–3.9) | 0.017 |
Length and enveloped area levels were analyzed by analysis of covariance, and are shown as adjusted means (95 % confidence intervals)
Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex
Model 2: Adjusted for all factors in model 1 plus diabetic retinopathy, regular exercise, body mass index, and hemoglobin A1c level
Model 3: Adjusted for all factors in model 2 plus quadriceps strength among 218 outpatients who were measured for quadriceps strength
aThe number of patients who were measured for quadriceps strength was 218 outpatients because we started measuring quadriceps strength in the middle of the study period