Table 3.
Comparison of patient characteristics
| Drug addition/dose increase (n = 114) | No drug addition/dose increase (n = 384) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 81 (71.1) | 245 (63.8) | 0.153 |
| Smoking | 36 (32.4) | 69 (18.4) | 0.002* |
| Alcohol consumption | 56 (50.5) | 170 (45.6) | 0.366 |
| Hypertension | 66 (57.9) | 238 (62) | 0.432 |
| Dyslipidemia | 82 (71.9) | 246 (64.1) | 0.120 |
| Hyperuricemia | 9 (7.9) | 39 (10.2) | 0.472 |
| Retinopathy | 16 (14) | 21 (5.5) | 0.002* |
| Arteriosclerotic obliterans | 19 (16.7) | 25 (6.5) | 0.001* |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (2.6) | 10 (2.6) | 0.987 |
| Renal disease | 11 (9.6) | 25 (6.5) | 0.256 |
| Antihypertensive drug use | 57 (50) | 205 (53.4) | 0.525 |
| Diet/exercise therapy | 29 (25.4) | 110 (28.6) | 0.503 |
| Low dose of glimepiride | 11 (9.6) | 45 (11.7) | 0.539 |
| Medium dose of glimepiride | 9 (7.9) | 23 (6) | 0.466 |
| BG | 22 (19.3) | 53 (13.8) | 0.150 |
| TZD | 6 (5.3) | 23 (6) | 0.771 |
| α-GI | 3 (2.6) | 9 (2.3) | 0.860 |
| Multidrug therapy | 34 (29.8) | 121 (31.5) | 0.733 |
| Age (year) | 59.6 ± 10.8 | 65.6 ± 10.8 | < 0.001* |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | 10.1 ± 7.7 | 8.4 ± 6.2 | 0.017* |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.4 ± 14.6 | 131 ± 15.2 | 0.109 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 25.1 ± 4.2 | 0.386 |
| HOMA-R | 8.49 ± 1.19 | 7.67 ± 0.87 | < 0.001* |
| HOMA-β (%) | 3.19 ± 1.99 | 2.7 ± 1.74 | 0.038* |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 23.9 ± 15.3 | 35.8 ± 30.1 | 0.001* |
| UACR (mg/g Cre) | 93.8 ± 369 | 51.8 ± 257.2 | 0.329 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1073m2) | 82.8 ± 20.2 | 76.3 ± 17.3 | 0.001* |
| HbA1c (0 months) (%) | 8.49 ± 1.19 | 7.67 ± 0.87 | < 0.001* |
| HbA1c (3 months) (%) | 7.44 ± 0.89 | 6.83 ± 0.69 | < 0.001* |
| HbA1c (12 months) (%) | 7.55 ± 0.99 | 6.92 ± 0.82 | < 0.001* |
| Body weight (0 months) (kg) | 69.5 ± 13.4 | 65.9 ± 14.3 | 0.018* |
| Body weight (3 months) (kg) | 69.4 ± 13.4 | 66 ± 14.5 | 0.027* |
| Body weight (12 months) (kg) | 69.1 ± 13.8 | 65.8 ± 14.2 | 0.031* |
| Body weight variation (3 months) (kg) | 0.2 ± 1.9 | − 0.1 ± 1.6 | 0.107 |
| Body weight variation (3 months → 12 months) (kg) | − 0.3 ± 2.4 | − 0.1 ± 2.1 | 0.606 |
BG biguanide, TZD thiazolidine, α-GI α-Glucosidase inhibitor, SPB systolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, HOMA-β homeostasis model assessment–beta cell function, HOMA-R homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA 1c glycated hemoglobin
* p < 0.05 chi-square test or Student's t-test, Data presented as n (%) or mean ± SD