Table 4.
Characteristics of the patients in each subgroup classified according to the changes in body weight and baseline VFA
| Weight loss | Weight gain | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VFA <110 cm2 (n = 27) | VFA >110 cm2 (n = 28) | p value | VFA <110 cm2 (n = 9) | VFA >110 cm2 (n = 8) | p value | |
| Sex (%men) | 60 | 75 | 0.214 | 89 | 75 | 0.453 |
| Age (years) | 64 ± 12 | 61 ± 11 | 0.340 | 60 ± 14 | 59 ± 9 | 0.896 |
| Baseline HbA1c (%) | 8.7 [8.2, 9.7] | 8.6 [8.1, 9.7] | 0.966 | 11.6 [9.3, 12.8] | 10.5 [9.9, 10.7] | 0.531 |
| ΔHbA1c | −1.6 [−2.5, −0.5] | −1.4 [−2.7, −0.2] | 0.966 | −3.9 [−5.3, −2.7] | −2.4 [−3.1, −0.6] | 0.114 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 2.4 | 30.0 ± 4.0 | <0.001 | 23.5 ± 3.7 | 28.6 ± 2.5 | 0.005 |
| Baseline BW (kg) | 64.3 ± 8.0 | 81.9 ± 11.6 | <0.001 | 65.0 ± 13.7 | 81.0 ± 10.5 | 0.018 |
| ΔBW | −3.6 ± 2.7 | −5.3 ± 4.4 | 0.092 | 3.6 ± 3.1 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 0.142 |
| Baseline VFA (cm2) | 77.4 ± 24.7 | 149.7 ± 30.6 | <0.001 | 75.1 ± 25.0 | 151.3 ± 44.5 | <0.001 |
| ΔVFA | −12.4 ± 23.0 | −36.9 ± 32.8 | 0.002 | 9.8 ± 17.5 | −27.1 ± 21.4 | 0.001 |
| Baseline SFA (cm2) | 166.6 ± 45.4 | 268.2 ± 72.6 | <0.001 | 161.8 ± 52.4 | 256.0 ± 31.6 | 0.001 |
| ΔSFA | −23.6 ± 38.6 | −47.5 ± 43.6 | 0.036 | 30.5 ± 41.7 | −9.9 ± 27.9 | 0.036 |
| Baseline ASM (kg) | 17.43 ± 3.29 | 20.50 ± 3.38 | 0.001 | 18.97 ± 4.40 | 21.23 ± 4.27 | 0.302 |
| ΔASM | −0.33 ± 0.65 | 0.01 ± 1.02 | 0.151 | 0.69 ± 0.94 | 0.53 ± 1.34 | 0.707 |
| Target energy intake (kcal/IBW) | 27.4 ± 1.7 | 26.6 ± 1.7 | 0.070 | 26.9 ± 1.4 | 26.3 ± 1.6 | 0.417 |
| Medications (%) | ||||||
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 44 | 43 | 0.906 | 11 | 38 | 0.200 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 11 | 18 | 0.478 | 22 | 25 | 0.893 |
| Insulin | 48 | 54 | 0.688 | 56 | 88 | 0.149 |
| Biguanide | 37 | 71 | 0.005 | 44 | 50 | 0.819 |
BMI body mass index, BW body weight, BMI body mass index, VFA visceral fat area, SFA subcutaneous fat area, ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass, IBW ideal body weight