Table 2.
Changes in clinical outcomes at 12 months post-intervention
| Interventiona (N = 109) | Controla (N = 181) | Difference in meansb (95 % CI) | p valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physiological outcomes | ||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 136.1 (12.53) | 135.4 (12.30) | 0.72 (−2.25, 3.69) | 0.631 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 82.5 (12.96) | 81.2 (13.50) | 1.30 (−1.85, 4.44) | 0.421 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.4 (4.87) | 32.8 (4.97) | 0.4 (−0.2, 1.5) | 0.065 |
| Biochemical outcomes | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.87 (1.38) | 8.42 (1.99) | −0.55 (−0.94, −0.16) | 0.012* |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 146.3 (49.9) | 162.9 (64.1) | −16.6 (−29.9, −3.2) | 0.022* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 177.46 (37.9) | 171.76 (35.6) | 5.7 (−3.04, 14.06) | 0.204 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.28 (10.8) | 53.2 (11.2) | 6.08 (3.42, 8.36) | <0.0001* |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 115.14 (24.3) | 111.72 (23.2) | 3.42 (−1.90, 9.12) | 0.203 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 58.52 (12.4) | 56.62 (11.6) | 1.9 (−1.14, 4.6) | 0.200 |
| Albumin/creatinine ratio | 2.39 (2.10) | 5.48 (5.15) | −3.09 (−2.24, −3.94) | <0.0001* |
Statistically significant p values are denoted by an asterisk (*)
aData are presented as the mean (standard deviation)
bDifferences in means and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated
c p value was calculated using overall change repeated-measures ANOVA (analysis of variance)