Table 1.

Effects of thyroid hormone on glucose metabolism in specific organ or cells

Organ	Effects on glucose metabolism
Gastrointestinal tract	Increase of mobility of gastrointestinal tract, Increased absorption of glucose
Liver	Increase of PEPCK activity, Increase of gluconeogenesis
Adipose tissue	Increase of lipolysis, elevation of serum free fatty acid
Skeletal muscle	Increase of GLUT4, increase of glucose uptake
Pancreatic beta cells	Inhibition of apoptosis, activation of growth and differentiation Increase of insulin secretion
Pancreatic alpha cells	Increase of glucagon secretion