Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of treatment and placebo groups
| Treatment group (n = 49) | Placebo group (n = 50) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.2 ± 1.1 | 56.9 ± 1.2 | 0.939 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 16 (32.7 %) | 16 (32 %) | – |
| Female | 33 (67.3 %) | 34 (68 %) | – |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 (22.1–27.4) | 24.7 (22.5–27.4) | 0.086 |
| WC (cm) | 90.0 (84.5–96.5) | 89.0 (85.0–96.0) | 0.852 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134.5 (126.8–144.0) | 135.0 (127.0–142.0) | 0.162 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 83.5 (79.0–91.3) | 80.0 (73.5–90.0) | 0.131 |
| Baseline glucose (mmol/l) | 8.53 (7.26–10.56) | 7.59 (6.38–9.19) | 0.887 |
| Baseline HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 63.9 (57.4–80.9) | 60.7 (56.3–68.3) | 0.150 |
| BUN (mmol/l) | 6.06 (4.99–7.13) | 4.64 (3.57–6.07) | 0.572 |
| CT(µmol/l) | 97.24 (79.56–114.92) | 79.56 (70.72–88.40) | 0.128 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 59.61 (47.70–80.99) | 61.10 (58.57–74.12) | 0.783 |
| Baseline lipid profiles | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.26 (3.56–4.77) | 4.39 (3.79–5.02) | 0.207 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.32 (1.02–2.27) | 1.40 (1.01–2.28) | 0.934 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.22 (1.01–1.44) | 1.42 (1.15–1.67) | 0.019 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.19 (1.63–2.61) | 2.32 (1.86–2.83) | 0.512 |
| TG/HDL-C ratio | 2.71 (1.57–5.25) | 2.39 (1.45–4.42) | 0.031 |
| Patients who had diabetes medications stopped during the study period (n) | 3 | 2 | – |
| Number of capsules remaining (capsule count after 12 weeks) | – | 1 | – |
* Mann–Whitney U test