Table 1.
Characteristics of the previous indication of hyperglycemia group and previous diagnosis of diabetes group compared to the control group
| Control group (N = 892) | Previous indication of hyperglycemia groupa (N = 97) | p | Previous diagnosis of diabetes groupb (N = 64) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (% male) | 39.7 | 56.7 | 0.0007* | 48.4 | 0.3045 |
| Age (years) | 58.8 ± 9.7 | 60.0 ± 10.3 | 0.4490 | 64.1 ± 9.0 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 3.2 | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 0.3743 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 0.0051 |
| Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (%) | 24.1 | 22.7 | 0.7508 | 43.1 | 0.0013* |
| Living alone (%) | 6.2 | 11.3 | 0.0525 | 10.9 | 0.1803 |
| Education ≤ 9 years (%) | 18.0 | 21.1 | 0.4705 | 26.6 | 0.0906 |
| Unemployed (%) | 37.0 | 36.5 | 0.9137 | 58.7 | 0.0006* |
| Alcohol intake > 20 g/day (%) | 22.2 | 30.9 | 0.0525 | 21.9 | 0.9522 |
| Current smoker (%) | 14.7 | 15.5 | 0.8375 | 15.6 | 0.8379 |
| Exercise < 1 h/week (%) | 21.9 | 22.9 | 0.8270 | 19.7 | 0.6779 |
| Hypertension (%) | 22.1 | 24.7 | 0.5508 | 59.4 | <0.0001* |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 32.0 | 43.3 | 0.0241* | 50.0 | 0.0030* |
| Cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease (%) | 7.2 | 9.3 | 0.4162 | 18.8 | 0.0009* |
| Orthopedic disease (%) | 9.6 | 15.5 | 0.0721 | 20.3 | 0.0068* |
| Cancer (%) | 5.7 | 8.3 | 0.3621 | 9.4 | 0.2659 |
| Mental disease (%) | 3.8 | 3.1 | 1.0000 | 4.7 | 0.7322 |
| Treated diabetes (%) | 0 | 0 | 79.7 | ||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 91.8 ± 12.2 | 103.6 ± 27.7 | <0.0001 | 126.4 ± 37.9 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.71 ± 0.46 | 6.14 ± 0.82 | <0.0001 | 7.14 ± 1.47 | <0.0001 |
Data for age, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. All other information is presented as numbers or percentages. Dunnett’s tests were used to compare continuous variables. Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons
* Significant at p < 0.025 (Bonferroni correction)
aPeople who had noticed or determined that they had high blood glucose levels or glycosuria
bPeople who had been diagnosed with diabetes