Table 2.

Molecular modification of EGCG and its effects.

Molecular Modification	Tested Cell Lines	Cancer Type	Major Effects	Ref.
Peracetylated EGCG	Jurkat T	Leukemic	Being more stable than free EGCG at neutral pH and showing greater efficacy in proteasome inhibition and cell death induction.	[87]
	KYSE150, HCT116	Esophageal and colon	Increasing the biological potency in vitro and the bioavailability of EGCG in esophageal or colon cancer cells.	[88]
		Colon	Showing stronger prevention potency to DSS-induced colitis than free EGCG.	[89]
	CD34+	Skin	Preventing skin carcinogenesis by suppressing the PKD1-dependent signaling pathway in CD34+ skin stem cells and skin tumors	[90]
	MDA-MB-231	Breast	Increasing the bioavailability, stability, and proteasome inhibition and anticancer activities of EGCG in human breast cancer cells and tumors.	[91]
	CWR22R	Prostate	Being more stable, increasing the therapeutic anticancer effects in androgen-independent prostate cancer	[92]
		Endometrium	Inhibiting the growth, development and angiogenesis of experimental endometriosis in mice, with improved efficacy, bioavailability, anti-oxidation and anti-angiogenesis capacities.	[93]
			Inhibiting tumor angiogenesis through downregulation of VEGFA and HIF1α in tumor cell and chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand 12 in host stroma.	[94]
Synthetic EGCG analogs 4 and 6 (Figure 2)	MDA-MB-231	Breast	Activating AMPK, with inhibition of cell proliferation, up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, down-regulation of mTOR pathway, and suppression of stem cell population in human breast cancer cells.	[95]