Skip to main content
. 2018 Aug 27;23(9):2157. doi: 10.3390/molecules23092157

Table 2.

List of cancers, their cause, common types, and estimated deaths.

Most Prevalent Cancers Cause Most Common Type Estimated Death References
Bladder Smoking, Exposition to certain chemicals, chronic bladder infections, Abnormal cell growth in the muscular sac that stores urine, urothelium, infection with Schistosoma haematobium Urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, Superficial bladder cancer, Invasive bladder cancer 17,240 [51,52]
Breast (Men and Female) Malignant tumor in the breast, gene mutation, family history Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), Mammogram, Lumpectomy, Mastectomy 268,670 [51]
Colon and Rectal Genetic mutation, an inherited or acquire mutation to the APC gene. More than 95% of colon cancer can be classified as adenocarcinomas. 50,630 [51]
Endometrial Increasing age, unopposed estrogen therapy, late menopause, tamoxifen therapy, nulliparity, infertility or failure to ovulate, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and HNPCC. Adenocarcinoma, Carcinosarcoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Undifferentiated carcinoma, Small cell carcinoma, Transitional carcinoma 11,350 [53]
Kidney (Renal Cell and Renal Pelvis) Smoking, obesity, Workplace exposures, Family history of kidney cancer, High blood pressure, Certain medicines Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Papillary renal cell carcinoma, Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinomas, Wilms tumors, and renal sarcomas. 14,970 [51,54]
Leukemia (All Types) DNA of immature blood cells, mainly white cells, becomes damaged. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Acute myeloid leukemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), Leukemia in children 24,370 [51]
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct Alcohol, age, smoking, genetic, hepatitis, obesity, cirrhosis, gender Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatoblastoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma 30,200 [51]
Lung (Including Bronchus) Smoking tobacco, second hand smoke, genetic undergoing radiation therapy and environmental exposure Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) 154,050 [51,55]
Skin Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) light, tanning beds or sunlamps. Melanoma, Basal, Squamous and Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Epidermoid cysts 9320 [51,55]
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Infection-fighting cells of the immune system, called lymphocytes, immune deficiency. Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Skin lymphoma, pediatric lymphoma, AIDS-related lymphoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) 19,910 [51]
Pancreatic DNA mutations, Diabetes, smoking, pancreatitis, smoking, Obesity Exocrine cancers, Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, endocrine 44,330 [51]
Prostate Oncogenes change or mutation in the DNA, Age, growth of abnormal cells, which may invader healthy cells in the body. Acinar, ductal adenocarcinoma, ductal, urothelial, squamous cell cancer, Small all prostate cancer 29,430 [56]
Thyroid Radiation, low iodine consumptions, family history, gender, age, hereditary conditions, DNA mutations papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. 2060 [51]