| CA | caffeic acid |
| HWE | Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons |
| DCM | dichloromethane |
| DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
| EtOAc | ethyl acetate |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| log Po/w | partition coefficient between n-octanol and water |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide |
| NHDF | normal human dermal fibroblasts |
| TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |