| TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor β1 |
| SMAD3 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| PA | Pomolic acid |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| α-SMA | α-Smooth muscle actin |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| DMSO | Dimethylsulfoxide |
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