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Pre- and postfunctionalization approaches of CCMV-avidin crystals. Electrostatically assembled CCMV (acidic)/avidin (basic) co-crystals can be functionalized selectively with biotin-tagged functional units. Method 1: Prefunctionalization of avidin with the biotinylated functional unit followed by addition of the virus particles. Method 2: Assembly of the crystals followed by postfunctionalization with the biotinylated agent. Copyright 2014 Nature Publishing Group.
