Table 5.
Role of exogenous melatonin in regulating gene expression.
| Crop | Stress/Conditions | Genes | Expression | Functions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Iron deficiency | FIT1, FRO2, IRT1 | ↑ | Increased plants tolerance to Fe deficiency | [141] |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Oxidative | AtAPX1, AtCATs | ↑ | Removed damaged protein via the activation of autophagy | [145] |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Heat | HSFA2, HSA32 | ↑ | Activated thermotolerance related genes in quadruple knockout mutant | [23] |
| Apple | Oxidative stress | MdTDC1, MdT5H4, MdAANAT2, and MdASMT1 | ↓ | Slowing the decline in chlorophyll concentrations, restraining membrane damage and lipid peroxidation | [146] |
| Cabbage | Oxidative | MYB, bHLH, WD40 | ↑ | Enhanced anthocyanins accumulation and increased antioxidant activities. | [27] |
| Melon | Cold | CmSOD, CmPOD, and CmCAT | ↑ | Recovered melon from cold stress through regulation of antioxidant activities | [142] |
| Potato | Salinity | SDP1, LACS6, LACS7, and ACX4 | ↑ | Maintenance of PM HC–ATPase activity and KC/NaC homeostasis and increase tolerance to salinity stress | [114] |
| Peach | Cold | PpAPX1, PpAPX3, PpAPX4, and PpAPX7 | ↑ | Activated the expression of genes involved in ASA-GSH cycle which improved resistance to cold stress | [70] |
| Peony | Fluctuating light | TDC | ↑↓ | Controls the production of melatonin biosynthesis under changing light spectrum | [30] |
| Rice | OsARF, OsSAUR | ↑ | Regulate rice root architecture on auxin dependent signalling manner | [58] | |
| Tomato | Salinity and Heat | SlcAPX, SlGR1, SlGST, and SlPh-GPX | ↑ | Enhanced tolerance to multiple stress by activating antioxidant enzymes system | [122] |
| Watermelon | Vanadium | Cla018095, Cla009820, Cla012125 | ↑ | Improved chlorophyll content and antioxidant activities | [125] |
| Wheat | Drought | APX and MDHAR4 | ↑ | Increase tolerance against drought stress | [127] |
↑ showing up-regulation and ↓ down-regulation of the respective genes presented in the table.