Table 1.
Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality by maternal characteristics in Bangladesh: BDHS 2004–2014.
| Stillbirth (N = 27,237) n (%) |
Early neonatal mortality (N = 35,052) n (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictors | Yes (n = 767) | No (n = 26,470) | Yes (n = 706) | No (n = 34,346) | |
| Type of cooking fuels | Clean | 64 (7.1) | 3012 (11.1) | 58 (7.4) | 3554 (10.1) |
| Polluting | 703 (92.9) | 23,458 (88.9) | 648 (92.6) | 30,792 (89.9) | |
| Maternal age at birth | 19 years or below | 272 (36.5) | 8072 (31.1) | 290 (41.8) | 11,753 (34.8) |
| 20–29 years | 352 (44.1) | 14,154 (53.4) | 312 (43.9) | 17,710 (51.5) | |
| 30 years or above | 143 (19.4) | 4244 (15.5) | 104 (14.3) | 4883 (13.7) | |
| Maternal education | No education | 254 (34.1) | 6669 (26.2) | 187 (27.6) | 11,493 (34.8) |
| Primary | 236 (30.4) | 8076 (30.5) | 232 (32.4) | 10,427 (30.1) | |
| Secondary or higher | 277 (35.5) | 11,725 (43.3) | 287 (40.0) | 12,426 (35.2) | |
| Birth order | 1 | 253 (32.8) | 14,677 (55.6) | 313 (44.4) | 11,152 (32.3) |
| 2 | 344 (44.1) | 9497 (36.0) | 157 (22.3) | 9202 (26.9) | |
| 3 or above | 170 (23.1) | 2296 (8.4) | 236 (33.3) | 13,992 (40.8) | |
| Maternal BMI | Underweight | 226 (29.8) | 7731 (29.3) | 189 (26.5) | 10,330 (30.1) |
| Normal | 452 (60.1) | 15,353 (58.9) | 426 (61.7) | 19,605 (57.9) | |
| Overweight | 67 (7.2) | 2657 (9.3) | 66 (8.5) | 3438 (9.3) | |
| Obese | 22 (2.9) | 729 (2.5) | 25 (3.3) | 973 (2.7) | |
| Place of residence | Urban | 209 (17.6) | 8369 (22.5) | 224 (21.3) | 10,513 (21.6) |
| Rural | 558 (82.4) | 18,101 (77.5) | 482 (78.7) | 23,833 (78.4) | |
| Wealth index | Poor | 359 (45.3) | 11,269 (41.5) | 330 (44.9) | 15,959 (45.1) |
| Middle | 163 (21.0) | 5079 (19.4) | 160 (24.0) | 6335 (18.8) | |
| Rich | 245 (33.7) | 10,122 (39.1) | 216 (31.0) | 12,052 (36.1) | |
| Maternal working status | Not working | 610 (77.9) | 21,304 (79.4) | 553 (76.0) | 26,980 (77.8) |
| Working | 157 (22.1) | 5166 (20.6) | 153 (24.0) | 7366 (22.2) | |
| Kitchen location | Indoor | 139 (13.5) | 5316 (15.9) | 122 (12.8) | 6762 (15.5) |
| Outdoor | 628 (86.5) | 21,154 (84.1) | 584 (87.2) | 27,584 (84.5) | |
| Year of survey | 2004 | 243 (32.1) | 6137 (23.4) | 184 (27.6) | 8351 (24.5) |
| 2007 | 151 (20.0) | 5485 (20.2) | 162 (21.8) | 7297 (20.8) | |
| 2011 | 208 (26.9) | 7757 (29.2) | 193 (27.4) | 9933 (28.9) | |
| 2014 | 165 (21.0) | 7091 (27.2) | 167 (23.2) | 8765 (25.8) | |