Table 3.
Clinical and Analytical Variables of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Premorbid Metabolic Syndrome
| MetS | p-MetS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | n | MetS (n = 1655) | No MetS (n = 2608) | Pa | n | p-MetS (n = 896) | No p-MetS (n = 759) | Pb | Pc | |
| Physical examination | ||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.1 ± 15.8 | 4212 | 135.1 ± 15.4 | 125.4 ± 14.8 | <0.001 | 2766 | 134.8 ± 15.2 | 124.8 ± 14.9 | <0.001 | 0.242 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.7 ± 10.2 | 4212 | 78.9 ± 10.4 | 75.2 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | 2766 | 79.9 ± 10.2 | 75.4 ± 9.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 52.5 ± 12.7 | 4211 | 56.2 ± 13.1 | 50.2 ± 11.9 | <0.001 | 2766 | 54.9 ± 13.1 | 49.4 ± 11.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 73.2 ± 10.5 | 4206 | 74.4 ± 10.7 | 72.4 ± 10.2 | <0.001 | 2762 | 74.1 ± 10.8 | 72.4 ± 10.0 | <0.001 | 0.266 |
| Weight (Kg) | 76.6 ± 15.6 | 4218 | 83.0 ± 15.4 | 72.1 ± 14.4 | <0.001 | 2767 | 82.9 ± 15.4 | 71.7 ± 14.1 | <0.001 | 0.788 |
| Height (m) | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 4098 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.365 | 2686 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 0.309 | 0.035 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 5.1 | 4093 | 31.0 ± 4.8 | 27.0 ± 4.7 | <0.001 | 2685 | 30.8 ± 4.6 | 26.7 ± 4.5 | <0.001 | 0.133 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96.2 ± 14.2 | 4163 | 104.1 ± 12.4 | 91.0 ± 12.9 | <0.001 | 2769 | 103.2 ± 11.5 | 90.3 ± 12.9 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| Blood and urine tests | ||||||||||
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 101.8 ± 27.7 | 4148 | 116.3 ± 33.8 | 92.3 ± 17.2 | <0.001 | 2769 | 102.2 ± 14.8 | 89.3 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 776 | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 0.113 | — | — | — | — | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.4 ± 39.2 | 4136 | 193.1 ± 42.4 | 198.5 ± 36.8 | <0.001 | 2769 | 205.5 ± 40.5 | 202.1 ± 35.9 | 0.029 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.8 ± 15.3 | 4079 | 47.6 ± 12.7 | 59.8 ± 14.9 | <0.001 | 2769 | 48.4 ± 12.6 | 60.3 ± 15.1 | <0.001 | 0.009 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.1 ± 35.3 | 3944 | 115.4 ± 39.1 | 119.9 ± 32.3 | <0.001 | 2661 | 126.7 ± 38.1 | 122.7 ± 31.6 | 0.005 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) (median ± IQR) | 124.8 ± 85.5 | 4121 | 163.7 ± 109.4 | 98.9 ± 50.4 | <0.001 | 2769 | 163.9 ± 98.7 | 99.1 ± 52.7 | <0.001 | 0.246 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 141.8 ± 38.1 | 4079 | 145.6 ± 41.1 | 139.1 ± 35.7 | <0.001 | 2769 | 157.1 ± 39.5 | 141.7 ± 35.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 3651 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | <0.001 | 2441 | 5.8 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | <0.001 | 0.224 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 4120 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 0.044 | 2762 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.487 | 0.002 |
| Albumin/creatinine ratio (median ± IQR) | 14.1 ± 62.4 | 4304 | 23.3 ± 88.9 | 8.4 ± 36.2 | <0.001 | 2769 | 12.7 ± 44.4 | 8.6 ± 39.5 | 0.016 | <0.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI | 86.8 ± 24.8 | 4083 | 84.1 ± 20.1 | 91.6 ± 20.0 | <0.001 | 2742 | 87.1 ± 18.9 | 93.1 ± 19.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
In general, the mean ± SD is reported.
a
Level of significance that compares patients with MetS to patients without MetS.
b
Level of significance that compares patients with p-MetS to patients without p-MetS.
c
Level of significance that compares patients with MetS to patients without p-MetS.
IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.