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. 2018 Nov 8;15:101. doi: 10.1186/s12984-018-0434-3

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in the internal forces introduced by constraining the model to match in vivo TF forces (COC), compared to minimizing the sum of muscle stresses squared (SMSS). a The changes in TFCF per patient. b The most relevant changes of forces by individual muscle groups (light grey), and the changes in co-contraction (CCI) of the knee flexors and extensors (dark grey), averaged for all patients (mean ± SD)