Table 3.
Effect of BMI and lower extremity performance on incident life-space restriction (longitudinal analysis)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3a | Model 4a | Model 5a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Single effect | ||||||||||
| BMI | ||||||||||
| < 23 | 1.19 | (0.72, 1.97) | 1.03 | (0.62, 1.70) | ||||||
| 23–25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 25–30 | 1.21 | (0.80, 1.84) | 1.07 | (0.70, 1.62) | ||||||
| ≥ 30 | 1.73 | (1.05, 2.86) | 1.65 | (0.99, 2.75) | ||||||
| Lower extremity performance | ||||||||||
| Intact (SPPB 10–12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Impaired (SPPB 0–9) | 2.44 | (1.80, 3.32) | 2.39 | (1.75, 3.27) | ||||||
| Combined effect | ||||||||||
| Intact LEP with BMI | ||||||||||
| < 23 | 1.02 | (0.54, 1.93) | 1.00 | (0.53, 1.89) | ||||||
| 23–25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 25–30 | 1.06 | (0.61, 1.84) | 1.06 | (0.61, 1.83) | ||||||
| ≥ 30 | 1.70 | (0.88, 3.29) | 1.78 | (0.92, 3.47) | ||||||
| Impaired LEP with BMI | ||||||||||
| < 23 | 2.40 | (1.16, 4.97) | 2.03 | (0.98, 4.22) | ||||||
| 23–25 | 2.50 | (1.18, 5.29) | 1.91 | (0.90, 4.08) | ||||||
| 25–30 | 2.57 | (1.46, 4.52) | 2.77 | (1.57, 4.87) | ||||||
| ≥ 30 | 3.79 | (1.84, 7.83) | 3.57 | (1.72, 7.38) | ||||||
| Use of a private car | ||||||||||
| Car driver | 1.00 | |||||||||
| Private car passenger | 1.96 | (1.27, 3.01) | ||||||||
| No use a private car | 1.51 | (0.87, 2.62) | ||||||||
581 people without life-space restriction at the baseline contributed 1033 person-years during two-year follow-up
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, LEP lower extremity performance, SPPB short physical performance battery
aAdjusting for sex, age, chronic diseases, and education