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. 2018 Nov 8;25:77. doi: 10.1186/s12929-018-0482-9

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — The dual roles of mast cells in dengue infection. Mast cells respond to DENV (DV) infection via RNA sensors (RIG-I and MDA5) which are involved in type I IFN production to inhibit viral replication. DENV-infected mast cells also secrete chemokines including CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, which recruit NK and NKT cells to help clear the virus. However, if initial control mechanisms fail, the virus may spread to other organs. DENV-infected mast cells in these organs secrete vasoactive products, including TNF, chymase, histamine, and serotonin and VEGF which contribute to vascular permeability