Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, pain aspects, and prevalence of comorbidities in the three groups of weight status
| Low-normal weight N = 2938 | Overweight N = 2448 | Obesity N = 871 | P-value (F or x2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 77.1 ± 7.8 | 75.6 ± 7.2 | 74.2 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 (F = 59.5) |
| 65–74, n (%) | 1218 (41.5) | 1160 (47.7) | 479 (55) | < 0.001 (x2 = 111.5) |
| 75–84, n (%) | 1164 (39.6) | 982 (40.3) | 328 (37.7) | |
| 85+, n (%) | 556 (18.9) | 292 (12) | 64 (7.3) | |
| Female, n (%) | 1675 (57) | 1179 (48.2) | 481 (55.2) | < 0.001 (x2 = 43.5) |
| Married, n (%) | 1652 (56.2) | 1442 (58.9) | 497 (57.1) | 0.129 (x2 = 4.10) |
| Education, n (%)1 | < 0.001 (x2 = 31.0) | |||
| 9-year Compulsory school | 1393 (48.9) | 1275 (53.8) | 477 (57) | |
| Upper secondary school | 749 (26.3) | 614 (25.9) | 211 (25.2) | |
| College/University | 705 (24.8) | 479 (20.2) | 149 (17.8) | |
| Income (SEK per year), n (%) | < 0.001 (x2 = 21.4) | |||
| < 150,000 | 872 (29.7) | 662 (27) | 296 (34) | |
| 150,001~ 220,000 | 982 (33.4) | 861 (35) | 307 (35.2) | |
| > 220,000 | 1084 (36.9) | 925 (37.8) | 268 (30.8) | |
| Smoking, n (%)2 | < 0.001 (x2 = 79.7) | |||
| Never smoker | 1620 (57.2) | 1244 (53.1) | 396 (48.2) | |
| Ex-smoker | 917 (32.4) | 955 (40.8) | 368 (44.8) | |
| Current smoker | 295 (10.4) | 143 (6.1) | 57 (6.9) | |
| High alcohol consumption, n (%) | 112 (3.8) | 118 (4.8) | 55 (6.3) | 0.006 (x2 = 10.3) |
| Pain aspects, n (%) | ||||
| Chronic pain | 1134 (38.6) | 1023 (41.8) | 482 (55.3) | < 0.001 (x2 = 77.5) |
| NPS, median (IQR)a,3 | 3 (1–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.001 (x2 = 36.1) |
| No pain (NRS 0)a | 17 (1.6) | 12 (1.2) | 8 (1.8) | < 0.001 (x2 = 37.1) |
| Mild pain (NRS 1–3)a | 300 (26.5) | 224 (21.9) | 79 (16.4) | |
| Moderate pain (NRS 4–6)a | 521 (45.9) | 501 (49) | 217 (45) | |
| Severe pain (NRS 7–10)a | 218 (20.6) | 226 (23.5) | 148 (32.7) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| History of trauma or injury accident | 190 (6.5) | 183 (7.5) | 64 (7.3) | 0.340 (x2 = 2.30) |
| Rheumatic diseases | 638 (21.7) | 637 (26) | 327 (37.5) | < 0.001 (x2 = 88.7) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 1242 (42.3) | 1301 (53.1) | 553 (63.5) | < 0.001 (x2 = 142.6) |
| Respiratory diseases | 317 (10.8) | 264 (10.8) | 155 (17.8) | < 0.001 (x2 = 35.5) |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 411 (14) | 378 (15.4) | 167 (19.2) | 0.001 (x2 = 14.0) |
| Neurological diseases | 914 (31.1) | 731 (29.9) | 228 (26.2) | 0.02 (x2 = 7.80) |
| Urogenital diseases | 240 (8.2) | 213 (8.7) | 87 (10) | 0.238 (x2 = 2.85) |
| Metabolic diseases | 290 (9.9) | 379 (15.6) | 274 (31.5) | < 0.001 (x2 = 244.8) |
| Cancer diagnosis | 230 (7.8) | 178 (7.3) | 64 (7.3) | 0.723 (x2 = 0.65) |
| Depression | 132 (4.5) | 105 (4.3) | 48 (5.5) | 0.337 (x2 = 2.18) |
| Anxiety | 129 (4.4) | 97 (4) | 47 (5.4) | 0.217 (x2 = 3.06) |
The far right column shows the result of the omnibus statistical testing (p-value, F and x2)
NPS number of pain sites; aIndividuals with chronic pain N = 2639
Missing data: 1 = 205; 2 = 262; 3 = 168