. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 9.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Manag Care. 2018 Aug 1;24(8):e249–e256.

TABLE 2.

Adjusted ORs for NH Characteristics Associated With the Share of MA Patients^a

	Percentage of MA Patients in the NH
	“High” vs “Zero” to “Low”				“High” vs “Zero” (drop “Low”)
Variables	OR			95%CI	OR		95%CI
Facility structural characteristics
Total beds in facility		1.003^***	1.002–1.004		1.020^***	1.016–1.024
Part of a chain		1.244^***	1.120–1.382		1.885^***	1.524–2.333
Run for profit		1.015	0.901–1.144		1.523^***	1.188–1.951
Staffing levels
Any physician extender FTEs		1.379^***	1.249–1.523		1.885^***	1.517–2.342
Total RN hours/day/patient		1.212^***	1.095–1.343		1.203^**	1.010–1.434
Total LPN hours/day/patient		1.418^***	1.258–1.598		1.184^**	0.975–1.439
Total CNA hours/day/patient		0.726^***	0.662–0.796		0.642^***	0.548–0.752
Facility quality indicators
% physically restrained		0.991^*	0.980–1.001		0.977^***	0.961–0.993
% receiving antipsychotics		0.985^***	0.980–0.991		0.983^***	0.973–0.993
Facility 30-day rehospitalization rate		0.951^***	0.942–0.960		0.015^***	0.003–0.088
Patient demographics
Average age		1.043^***	1.031–1.056		1.076^***	1.054–1.098
% female		1.013^***	1.007–1.019		1.012^**	1.000–1.023
% black		1.006^***	1.002–1.010		1.003	0.995–1.011
% Hispanic		0.993^***	0.987–0.998		0.976^***	0.959–0.993
Patient case mix
Baseline ADL score (0–28)		0.981	0.957–1.006		1.045^*	0.999–1.093
% severe cognitive impairment (cognitive performance score of 5 or 6)		1.001	0.996–1.006		0.998	0.988–1.009
% Medicaid		0.999	0.996–1.002		0.991^***	0.986–0.996
% admitted from hospital		1.014^***	1.009–1.018		1.014^***	1.007–1.022
Geographic characteristics
Region, West (ref, Northeast)		2.772^***	2.341–3.282		3.076^***	2.120–4.463
Region, Midwest (ref, Northeast)		1.341^***	1.167–1.541		2.305^***	1.673–3.175
Region, South (ref, Northeast)		0.593^***	0.503–0.699		1.12	0.760–1.652
Medicare managed care penetration		1.114^***	1.108–1.120		1.183^***	1.164–1.203
Herfindahl index		0.491^***	0.351–0.688		0.370^***	0.191–0.719
Urban		0.837^**	0.717–0.977		0.941	0.674–1.315
Observations		15,353			4219

ADL indicates activities of daily living; CNA, certified nursing assistant; FTE, full-time equivalent; LPN, licensed practical nurse; MA, Medicare Advantage; NH, nursing home; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference; RN, registered nurse.

P <.10;

^**

P <.05;

^***

P <.01.

Details of the variables are described in the Methods section. “High” indicates NHs with 25% or more MA patients. “Low” indicates NHs with between 1% and 24% MA patients. “Zero” indicates NHs with no MA patients.