Table 1.
Number and (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
| Variable | Number (%) of patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Overall | Highly frequent users | Substance misuse history | Mental illness history | 30+ Visits | |
|
| |||||
| n = 261 | n = 250 | n = 77 | n = 107 | n = 18 | |
| Age (in years) | |||||
| Mean ± SEM | 52.7 ± 1.3 | 53.4 ± 1.3 | 45.5 ± 1.8 | 48.7 ± 1.8 | 38.5 ± 3.8 |
| Range | 18 – 96 | 18 – 96 | 18 – 82 | 18 – 88 | 18 – 62 |
| Female sex | 147 (56.3) | 139 (55.6) | 35 (45.5) | 68 (63.6) | 13 (72.2) |
| Family physician | 225 (86.2) | 218 (87.2) | 56 (72.7) | 93 (86.9) | 12 (66.7) |
| Fixed address | 231 (88.5) | 222 (88.8) | 52 (67.5) | 88 (82.2) | 13 (72.2) |
| Comorbidity system category | |||||
| Respiratory | 109 (41.8) | 103 (41.2) | 24 (31.2) | 41 (38.3) | 7 (38.9) |
| Cardiac* | 132 (50.6) | 130 (52) | 32 (41.6) | 47 (43.9) | 5 (27.8) |
| Gastrointestinal | 163 (62.5) | 154 (61.6) | 48 (62.3) | 61 (57.0) | 12 (66.7) |
| Genitourinary | 103 (39.5) | 99 (39.6) | 18 (23.4) | 30 (28.0) | 6 (33.3) |
| Musculoskeletal and soft tissue | 116 (44.4) | 111 (44.4) | 30 (39) | 44 (41.1) | 8 (44.4) |
| Chronic pain | 126 (48.3) | 118 (47.2) | 29 (37.7) | 48 (44.9) | 13 (72.2) |
| Endocrine | 85 (32.6) | 83 (33.2) | 19 (24.7) | 39 (36.4) | 4 (22.2) |
| Neurological | 112 (42.9) | 106 (42.4) | 30 (39) | 55 (51.4) | 7 (38.9) |
| Other medical comorbidity | 129 (49.4) | 122 (48.8) | 28 (36.4) | 44 (41.1) | 10 (55.6) |
| Substance misuse history | 80 (30.7) | 77 (30.8) | 48 (44.9) | 6 (33.3) | |
| Alcohol | 53 (20.3) | 52 (20.8) | 53 (68.8) | 30 (28.0) | 3 (16.7) |
| Intravenous drug use | 14 (5.4) | 13 (5.2) | 13 (16.9) | 11 (10.3) | 2 (11.1) |
| Opioids | 14 (5.4) | 12 (4.8) | 12 (15.6) | 9 (8.4) | 3 (16.7) |
| Marijuana | 23 (8.8) | 21 (8.4) | 21 (27.3) | 15 (14.0) | 3 (16.7) |
| Other substance misuse | 12 (4.6) | 11 (4.4) | 11 (14.3) | 9 (8.4) | 1 (5.6) |
| Mental illness history | 117 (44.8) | 107 (42.8) | 49 (63.6) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Anxiety | 58 (22.2) | 53 (21.2) | 22 (28.6) | 53 (49.5) | 8 (44.4) |
| Depression | 71 (27.2) | 63 (25.2) | 32 (41.6) | 63 (58.9) | 11 (61.1) |
| Psychosis/schizophrenia | 24 (9.2) | 20 (8.0) | 10 (13.0) | 20 (18.7) | 5 (27.8) |
| Bipolar disorder/mania | 18 (6.9) | 18 (7.2) | 12 (15.6) | 18 (16.8) | 0 (0) |
| Personality disorder | 20 (7.7) | 17 (6.8) | 10 (13.0) | 17 (15.9) | 5 (27.8) |
| Other mental illness | 25 (9.6) | 21 (8.4) | 12 (15.6) | 21 (19.6) | 4 (22.2) |
SEM, standard error of means.
*
Cardiac category includes cardiac conditions and risk factors.