Table 1.
Descriptives of Early Risk Markers in a Nationwide Case-Control Study of All Convicted, Male, Swedish-Born, Child Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) Offenders and Matched General Population Controls
| CSEM Offenders |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Offenders | Mixed | CSEM Exclusive | Matched Population Controls | |
| Variables | % (n/N) or M (SD, N) | |||
| Birth year | 1981 | 1981 | 1981 | 1981 |
| (5.4, n = 655) | (5.9, n = 229) | (5.4, n = 426) | (5.4, n = 3,928) | |
| Parental | ||||
| Age of mother at delivery < 25 yrsa | 38.0% | 41.8% | 36.5% | 29.7% |
| (246/647) | (94/225) | (154/422) | (972/3,271) | |
| Age of father at delivery < 25 yrsa | 22.6% | 22.9% | 22.5% | 15.0% |
| (141/623) | (50/218) | (91/405) | (480/3,196) | |
| Highest parental education | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.04 |
| (0.54, n = 644) | (0.53, n = 225) | (0.54, n = 419) | (0.57, n = 3,899) | |
| Any parental violent conviction | 17.4% | 20.4% | 15.7% | 7.8% |
| (112/645) | (46/225) | (66/420) | (305/3,903) | |
| Any parental psychiatric disorder | 2.9% | 1.3% | 3.8% | 1.8% |
| (19/647) | (3/225) | (16/422) | (60/3,273) | |
| Any parental substance use disorder | 2.6% | 2.2% | 3.1% | 1.2% |
| (17/647) | (5/225) | (13/422) | (40/3,273) | |
| Any parental suicide attempt | 2.6% | 1.5% | 0.8% | 1.1% |
| (17/647) | (3/204) | (3/359) | (35/3,273) | |
| Pregnancy-Related | ||||
| Number of older full brothers | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.37 |
| (0.51, n = 647) | (0.48, n = 225) | (0.53, n = 422) | (0.64, n = 3,273) | |
| Low Apgar (< 7 at 5 min) | 1.1% | 1.5% | 0.8% | 1.3% |
| (6/563) | (3/204) | (3/359) | (44/3,404) | |
| Birth weight < 2,500 g | 3.0% | 3.1% | 3.0% | 3.4% |
| (20/655) | (7/229) | (13/426) | (135/3,928) | |
| SGA | 4.4% | 5.3% | 3.8% | 3.3% |
| (28/643) | (12/226) | (16/417) | (127/3,827) | |
| Any congenital malformation | 7.2% | 9.2% | 6.1% | 4.7% |
| (47/654) | (21/229) | (26/425) | (183/3,922) | |
| Head circumference ≤ 33 cm | 20.0% | 25.3% | 17.1% | 18.4% |
| (131/655) | (58/229) | (73/426) | (724/3,928) | |
Note. Mean (standard deviation, sample size) for continuous variables, % (n) for categorical variables. “Mixed” denotes CSEM offenders who were also convicted of a contact sexual offense against children. Male population control subjects were matched 1:5 on birth year and county of birth in Sweden. Highest parental education (across both biological parents): 0 = primary school, 1 = secondary school, 2 = postsecondary qualification. SGA = small for gestational age, defined as two standard deviations or more below the mean birth weight for gestational age.
Reference category is 25 to 44.9 years of age.