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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Mar 26;62(18):e1700965. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700965

Table 2.

Summary of clinical trials using watercress and PEITC for disease indications.

Agent Disease/ condition Participants, agent, dose
and schedule		 outcome Reference
Watercress/ PEITC Cancer - lung 11 healthy smokers; watercress; 56.8 g per meal for 3 meals/ day; 3 days Increased urinary NNAL plus NNAL-Gluc (33.5%) during feeding period [53]
82 healthy smokers; PEITC; 10 mg; 4 times a day for 5 weeks Reduced NNK metabolic activation ratio with PEITC (7.7%) [54]
DNA damage 60 subjects; raw watercress; 85 g daily; 8 weeks Reduction in basal DNA damage in lymphocytes and reduction in DNA damage in response to ex-vivo H2O2 [102]
10 healthy males; raw watercress; 85 g per day; 8 weeks Reduction in exercise-induced PMBC DNA damage; reduction in lipid peroxidation [38]
Acute liver toxicity 10 healthy volunteers; watercress homogenate; 50 g per day 10 hours before acetaminophen Decrease in urinary and plasma metabolites of acetaminophen (Cys- and Mer-) [103]